The popularity of the candle has experienced a long historical period, the xiking miscellanea, records, the han dynasty when the south Vietnamese to gaudi tribute tribute of candles, version believed at the time when cold fire ban king reward to the marquis of above top officials, officials to candles, the candle is rare at that time.In the northern and southern dynasties candle slightly more common application, but also mainly in the upper society, rather than general families lighting.When the tang dynasty, also recorded the tribute of gong on joinville of candles, officials in the tang dynasty also specially set an official to tube court candles.In the song dynasty recorded at the time and xixia border trade, trade of the products is the candles.Candle as a thing of foreign trade, foreign exchange, that although the use of common, but was more precious.When he got to the Ming and qing dynasties, the candle to gradually entered the ordinary people, people is used in everyday life, but the general lamps and lanterns, like a lamp, torch still cannot .
Compared with modern candles, there are many shortcomings of ancient candles.The tang dynasty poet li shangyin has "what when altogether cut the west window of candle" verse.Why the poet cut candle?When the candle wick is made of cotton to rub, standing in the center of the fire, because it could not burn out and carbonized, from time to time so you have to the ends of the remaining wick of cut with scissors.This is surely a trouble thing, in 1820, the French invented three strong bashir column root tree of cotton wicks, wicks burning natural loosen, end just skip to the outer flame, thus it can be fully burning.
But the candle remains to be further perfect, its materials are generally has many shortcomings of animal fats, solve this problem is michelle's benevolence, schaeffler's (MicheI Eugene Chevreul) and others.Between June and July, 1809, the French chemist Michael's benevolence, schaeffler has received a letter from a textile factory, please send us his analysis, make sure they a soft soap in the composition of the sample.He took the letter to think for a long time, wish: to study the soap, appears to have from the raw material of grease.In experimental instruments and equipment is very simple, simple school, he studied the saponification process need to use all kinds of oils and fats.
Through a large number of experiments, the first time he found the fact that in all oil and grease, regardless of its source, the content of fatty acids were 95%, 5% is generated in the process of saponification glycerol.Through the study of nature, he clarified the saponification process at the same time he also had a major discovery: made of oil candles at that time, because there are glycerin, fire with smoke during burning, unpleasant smells.If use stearic acid to make candles, burning flame not only bright, but almost no black smoke, do not pollute the air.Schaeffler's, told Mr. Lu, his discovery Isaac (Joseph LouisGay - Lussac), and suggests that study how to solve this problem together.They oil saponification with alkali and the soap with hydrochloric acid decomposition, to remove the stearic acid.This is a kind of white matter, hand touch has greasy feeling, use it made of candle texture is soft, the price is more cheaper.In 1825, the schaeffler, and Mr Lu, he obtained a patent in the production of paraffin wax stearic candles.The emergence of paraffin wax stearic candle lighting in humans started a new era in the history.Later, someone found large fields in North America, and so can be extracted from the oil of paraffin wax.
In ancient times has not been under the condition of using electricity, the candle lighting effect is particularly important.But in the rapid development of technology today, people in daily life is generally no longer use candles, the candle is more endowed with emotional color, such as lovers meet, birthday dinner, mourn for the dead, pray for the future and so on, especially in the anniversary festival days, people will be lit a candle .In addition, the candle is often as a physical or chemical experiment.
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